Including Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) in Mangrove Conservation & Restoration

Guide

Global

Publication date: January 1, 2024

File format: PDF

View resource

This global guide presents best practices for integrating Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK) into mangrove conservation and restoration. Drawing on research, case studies, and community experiences worldwide, it highlights how Indigenous and local knowledge can enhance ecological understanding, project design, restoration outcomes, and long-term stewardship.

Subject Tags

  • Indigenous Peoples
  • Climate adaptation
  • Climate resilience

Introduction

This best-practice guide explores how Local Ecological Knowledge (LEK), including Indigenous and traditional knowledge systems, can be effectively integrated into mangrove conservation, restoration, and research. Developed through contributions from practitioners, researchers, community representatives, and conservation organizations worldwide, the publication demonstrates how local communities possess detailed understanding of mangrove ecology, biodiversity, hydrology, ecosystem services, cultural values, and environmental change. The guide reviews 90 scientific studies, presents 21 international case studies from countries across Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Pacific, and provides practical tools for engaging communities ethically and inclusively. It highlights knowledge co-production, participatory mapping, community-led restoration, sustainable resource management, climate resilience, and biodiversity conservation. By recognizing LEK as a complementary knowledge system alongside academic science, the guide offers actionable recommendations for researchers and practitioners seeking more effective, equitable, and durable mangrove conservation outcomes.

TNC Authors

  • Mark Spalding
    Senior Marine Scientist. Protect Oceans, Lands and Waters
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: mspalding@tnc.org

  • Marice Leal
    Adaptation and Resilience Analyst. Tackle Climate Change
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: marice.leal@tnc.org

  • Kerry Grimm
    The Nature Conservancy