Marine Protected Areas: Evolving to Meet Changing Conditions
MPAs and OECMs are vital for conserving marine ecosystems, but success depends on stronger Indigenous and community engagement, better financing, climate‑ready design, and targeted restoration to support long‑term biodiversity and human needs.
Subject Tags
- Indigenous Peoples
- Marine protected areas
- Community-based conservation
Abstract
Marine protected areas (MPAs) – clearly defined spaces dedicated to achieving long-term conservation of nature and nature’s values – have been identified as one of the most effective tools for safeguarding marine ecosystems. Other Effective Area-based Conservation Measures (OECMs) are increasingly recognized as an additional tool to achieve global biodiversity goals. As governments refine their conservation targets over the next decade and beyond, it is timely to discuss the role of MPAs and OECMs in meeting global biodiversity and sustainable development goals. Key areas needing improvement to achieve these goals include broader engagement with Indigenous peoples and community groups and increased sustainable financing and management effectiveness. In addition, MPAs and OECMs must be designed and managed to address climate change and include targeted restoration to promote recovery to effectively conserve marine ecosystems and support human needs.
Citation
Mcleod, E., Shaver, E. and Agardy, T., 2024. Marine Protected Areas: Evolving to Meet Changing Conditions. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-822562-2.00009-8
TNC Authors
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Elizabeth Mcloed
Global Director, Oceans
The Nature Conservancy
Email: emcloed@tnc.org