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Assessment of structural differences in a low-stature Mediterranean-type shrubland using structure-from-motion (SfM)

Published Article

South Africa

Publication date: August 11, 2025

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Vegetation structure strongly influences ecosystem function, yet low‑stature shrublands remain understudied. Using UAS‑based structure‑from‑motion photogrammetry, this study generated 3D point‑cloud metrics—canopy height, top rugosity and surface‑gap ratio—to assess post‑fire recovery in South Africa’s fynbos biome. A Multi‑Layer Perceptron classified burn‑year subplots with ~85% accuracy, driven primarily by canopy height. Rugosity and gap ratio also significantly predicted species‑cover diversity. Results show that UAS‑derived structural traits provide powerful, scalable tools for monitoring vegetation recovery and biodiversity in Mediterranean‑type shrublands, supporting conservation and post‑fire management.

Subject Tags

  • Conservation Technology
  • Fire management
  • Shrubland

Abstract

Structural traits of vegetation, derived from the three-dimensional distribution of plant elements, are closely linked to ecosystem functions such as productivity and habitat provision. While extensively studied in forest ecosystems, these traits remain understudied in low-stature systems such as Mediterranean-type shrublands. In this study we explore the use of structural metrics derived from small unmanned aerial system (UAS)-based 3D point clouds, generated using the structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry technique, to assess post-fire vegetation structure and biodiversity in the fynbos biome of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), South Africa. Fynbos is a fire-adapted shrubland that represents nearly 80% of plant species in the CFR, making post-disturbance monitoring critical for conservation. We extracted three structural metrics—canopy height, top rugosity, and surface gap ratio—and achieved ~85% accuracy in classifying 5 × 5 m subplots by burn year using a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), with canopy height as the strongest predictor. Additionally, top rugosity and gap ratio significantly contributed to modeling percentage cover-based species diversity. Our findings demonstrate that UAS-derived structural metrics provide valuable information for characterizing vegetation recovery and biodiversity patterns in low-stature, fire-prone ecosystems. This approach can support ecological monitoring and inform conservation strategies in Mediterranean-type shrublands.

Citation

Bhatta, R., Chaity, M. D., Chancia, R. O., Slingsby, J., Moncrieff, G., & van Aardt, J. (2025). Assessment of Structural Differences in a Low-Stature Mediterranean-Type Shrubland Using Structure-From-Motion (SfM). Remote Sensing, 17(16), 2784. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17162784

TNC Authors