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Drivers of shifting cultivation in Nagaland: crop cycles, crop selection, and management

Published Article

India

Publication date: May 20, 2025

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Shifting cultivation in Nagaland, northeastern India, is a dynamic agricultural system shaped by ecological conditions, cultural traditions and economic pressures. Through focus group discussions in 20 villages across Dimapur, Kohima, Mokokchung and Zunheboto districts, this study identifies how crop choices and land‑management decisions reflect a complex interplay of social values, environmental constraints and livelihood needs. Although rooted in long‑standing tradition, shifting cultivation is actively adapting to modern challenges, from market demands to changing ecological conditions. The findings provide a foundation for understanding how traditional agricultural systems evolve and highlight opportunities for sustainable, community‑led and adaptive land‑use strategies.

Subject Tags

  • Agriculture
  • Community-based conservation
  • Indigenous Peoples

Abstract

In Nagaland, northeastern India, shifting cultivation (SC) is a traditional agricultural practice influenced by a wide range of ecological, social and economic factors. This study analyzes the variables influencing crop selection and land management in changing cultivation practices. Focused group discussions (FGDs) were conducted across 20 villages selected from four districts: Dimapur, Kohima, Mokokchung and Zunheboto. The analysis revealed that socio-cultural dynamics, economic pressures and ecological considerations are intricately intertwined and significantly shape this traditional practice. The study concludes that although SC is rooted in tradition, it dynamically evolves in response to modern challenges. This study provides a foundation for understanding the complex interplay of factors influencing traditional agricultural practices and sets the stage for future research to promote sustainable, adaptive and community-led agricultural practices.

Citation

Jagannath, P., Dutta, S., Jamir, C., & Chatterjee, S. (2025). Drivers of shifting cultivation in Nagaland: Crop cycles, crop selection, and management. International Journal of Anthropology and Ethnology, 9(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41257-025-00131-z

TNC Authors

  • Sudipta Chatterjee
    Director, Programs, Nature Conservancy India Solutions Private Limited
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: s.chatterjee@tnc.org