Improving Agricultural Production as a Public Health Strategy in the United States

Published Article

United States

Publication date: June 2, 2026

View resource
In this paper, researchers outline practical ways to speed adoption to achieve healthier communities, stronger ecosystems, and a more sustainable food system.

Subject Tags

  • Agriculture
  • Regenerative food systems
  • Health

Introduction

The way food is produced in the United States impacts the safety of our water, the quality of our air, and our exposure to pesticides and disease—especially for children and for people living or working near farms, who face the highest risks. Many farmers are already using agricultural practices that protect our air and water while producing food – and many more farmers want to use these practices but face financial and technical challenges. Coordinating across agriculture, health, and environmental programs can open up opportunities for farmers to adopt these practices at a meaningful scale.  In this paper, researchers outline practical ways to speed adoption to achieve healthier communities, stronger ecosystems, and a more sustainable food system.

Abstract

Agri-food management in the U.S.—including crop and livestock practices—directly influences health outcomes through drinking water quality, air pollution, pesticide exposure, and pathogen transmission. The broader food system also shapes nutrition and dietary health. Certain management practices can mitigate environmental and human health impacts by reducing input use or preventing input losses to the environment. Despite these interconnections, policies and incentives remain fragmented across food, health, and environmental sectors. In this policy and practice review, we propose three strategies to scale conservation agriculture practices that benefit human health: (1) interagency collaboration to expand agricultural incentives that advance environmental and public health, (2) public procurement reforms that reward sustainable production, and (3) enhanced traceability linking farm practices to health and environmental outcomes. Cross- and multi-sector policy alignment can accelerate adoption of practices that improve health outcomes, strengthen environmental performance, and support agricultural sustainability.

TNC Authors

  • Steve Wood
    Senior Scientist, Agriculture and Food Systems
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: stephen.wood@tnc.org

  • Philip Loring
    Global Director of Human Dimensions Science
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: philip.loring@tnc.org

  • Catherine Machalaba
    Planetary Health Scientist
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: c.machalaba@tnc.org

  • Alison Lovdal
    Food Systems Scientist
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: alison.lovdal@tnc.org