A global clustering of terrestrial food production systems

Published Article

Global

Publication date: February 14, 2024

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Unsustainable food production drives biodiversity loss, emissions, and land degradation. Mapping global “foodscapes” using biophysical and socio-economic data reveals concentrated production areas, highlights climate and degradation risks, and identifies leverage points and zones for targeted, sustainable agricultural interventions.

Subject Tags

  • Agriculture
  • Regenerative food systems
  • Social Sciences

Abstract

Food production is at the heart of global sustainability challenges, with unsustainable practices being a major driver of biodiversity loss, emissions and land degradation. The concept of foodscapes, defined as the characteristics of food production along biophysical and socio-economic gradients, could be a way addressing those challenges. By identifying homologues foodscapes classes possible interventions and leverage points for more sustainable agriculture could be identified. Here we provide a globally consistent approximation of the world’s foodscape classes. We integrate global data on biophysical and socio-economic factors to identify a minimum set of emergent clusters and evaluate their characteristics, vulnerabilities and risks with regards to global change factors. Overall, we find food production globally to be highly concentrated in a few areas. Worryingly, we find particularly intensively cultivated or irrigated foodscape classes to be under considerable climatic and degradation risks. Our work can serve as baseline for global-scale zoning and gap analyses, while also revealing homologous areas for possible agricultural interventions.

Citation

Jung, M., Boucher, T.M., Wood, S.A., Folberth, C., Wironen, M., Thornton, P., Bossio, D. and Obersteiner, M., 2024. A global clustering of terrestrial food production systems. PLoS One, 19(2), p.e0296846. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296846

TNC Authors

  • Timothy M. Boucher
    Senior Conservation Scientist, Africa
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: tboucher@tnc.org

  • Stephen A. Wood
    Senior Scientist, Agriculture and Food Systems
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: stephen.wood@tnc.org

  • Michael Wironen
    Corporate Engagement Director, Food and Water
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: michael.wironen@tnc.org

  • Deborah Bossio
    Lead Scientist, Food and Water
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: deborah.bossio@tnc.org