Design pattern and network development of urban microhabitat based on nature-based solutions (NbS): A case study of habitat gardens in Changning District, Shanghai
Nature‑based solutions are increasingly central to urban biodiversity and climate strategies, yet their application in dense cities remains uneven. Using the habitat‑garden initiative in Changning District, Shanghai, this study outlines how microhabitat design, community governance and cross‑sector partnerships can enhance ecological networks. The project introduced three innovations: scaling connectivity among scattered microhabitats, fostering resident participation and building collaborative governance models. Challenges persist, including inconsistent biodiversity monitoring, limited habitat types and insufficient funding. As the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework advances, restoring urban habitats and ecological networks will become even more critical. The study recommends stronger cross‑departmental governance, improved monitoring, climate‑zone‑specific design approaches and diversified funding to expand nature‑based solutions in high‑density cities.
Subject Tags
- Biodiversity
- Community-based conservation
- Nature-based solutions
Abstract
Background & Aims
Nature-based solutions (NbS) offer multiple environmental, social and economic benefits. They play an important role in addressing climate change and achieving sustainable development. Enhancing urban ecosystems through strategies that “work with nature” is now widely practiced by cities globally and is crucial for achieving Target 12 of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
Methods
In this paper, we summarized the theoretical framework of NbS and used the habitat garden initiative in Changning District, Shanghai as a case study. We systematically analyzed the design and operational modes, and network construction methods of urban microhabitats. Furthermore, we explored the achievements and limitations of habitat gardens, and suggested future research and practical directions for urban microhabitats in high-density urban areas, guided by national urban biodiversity conservation strategies.
Results
The habitat garden initiative in Changning District, Shanghai has explored three key innovations: (1) Strengthening the networking scale effect among scattered microhabitats in dense urban areas; (2) Establishing a model of community governance with active resident participation; and (3) Forming collaborative partnerships that benefits all stakeholders. However, challenges remain, such as inconsistent biodiversity monitoring, an overemphasis on residential green spaces, and inadequate funding plans. As the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework progresses, restoring urban habitats and ecological networks will become increasingly crucial.
Suggestion & Perspectives
Guided by the NbS framework and principles, cities should establish a cross-departmental and inclusive governance platforms to provide support urban microhabitats and ecological networks. To increase the appeal of NbS and urban biodiversity conservation, three measures should be implemented: improving scientific monitoring systems, expanding design patterns across various climate zones and developing diverse funding mechanisms.
Citation
Yan, K. J. G. L. Y., & Chenjing, H. J. W. L. Z. (2025). Design pattern and network development of urban microhabitat based on natural-based solutions (NbS): A case study of habitat gardens in Changning District, Shanghai. Biodiversity Science, 33(5), 24528. https://doi.org/10.17520/biods.2024528
TNC Authors
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Linlin Yu
Shanghai Project Director, China
The Nature Conservancy
Email: linlin.yu@tnc.org -
Jingbin Wu
The Nature Conservancy