Long-term monitoring reveals the foundational roles of three rockweed species on understory community structure and stability

Published Article

California

Publication date: January 6, 2026

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Rockweed algae serve as foundation species on rocky shores, creating habitat complexity and buffering environmental stress. However, climate change and human disturbance threaten these canopy-forming species. Understanding how declining rockweed densities alter community structure is essential for effective conservation and ecosystem management.

Subject Tags

  • Ecosystem management
  • Climate risks

Introduction

A group of brown algae, known as rockweeds, influence rocky shore ecosystems as ‘foundation species’ by increasing habitat complexity and ameliorating environmental stressors for other species. Rocky shore habitats shaped by foundational canopy-forming rockweed species are threatened by human disturbance and climate change impacts. Thus, it is of pressing conservation concern to understand how changes in rockweed densities lead to shifts in associated community structure.

Citation

Nielsen, E. S., Heady, W. N., Lamy, T., Raimondi, P. T., & Reynolds, M. D. (2025). Long-term monitoring reveals the foundational roles of three rockweed species on understory community structure and stability. Frontiers in Marine Science12, 1699335.

TNC Authors

  • Erica S. Nielsen
    Point Conception Institute Fellow • California
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: erica.nielsen@tnc.org

  • Walter N. Heady
    Sr Coastal/Marine Scientist • California
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: wheady@tnc.org

  • Mark D. Reynolds
    Director of the Point Conception Institute • California
    The Nature Conservancy
    Email: mreynolds@tnc.org