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Global Governance in Curbing Deforestation in South-south Bulk Agricultural Commodities Provision

Published Article

Brazil, Global

Publication date: January 2, 2026

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This study analyzes how tropical agricultural expansion and South–South trade drive deforestation and emissions, focusing on Brazil’s soy and beef sectors. It proposes a four‑pillar policy framework to green global supply chains and highlights the need for coordinated, context‑specific strategies to balance production and forest conservation.

Subject Tags

  • Agriculture
  • Forest

Abstract

This study investigates how global agricultural expansion—especially in tropical regions—drives deforestation and associated greenhouse gas emissions, with a particular focus on the South–South trade dynamics. As the world’s foremost exporter of soy and beef, Brazil has experienced mounting pressure on its Amazon and Cerrado biomes: cattle ranching and soybean cultivation now account for a significant share of its land-use emissions. Concurrently, external surging demand for these commodities has intensified import flows, heightening deforestation risks in ecologically fragile regions. To address these challenges, we propose a multidimensional policy framework for “green” global supply chains, structured around four criteria: (1) enhancing land-use efficiency, (2) reducing direct deforestation, (3) mitigating embodied deforestation within supply networks, and (4) curbing pressures via demand-side behavioral shifts. Our analysis surveys a suite of policy instruments—ranging from production-side regulations and technological innovations to international aids, trade measures, and consumer-oriented initiatives. However, effectiveness hinges on contextual adaptability, as leakage risks and unintended consequences highlight the necessity of holistic, science-based assessments. The study concludes that global cooperation, tailored policies, and cautious substitution strategies are vital to balance agricultural productivity with forest conservation. It advocates for synergistic efforts among producer/consumer nations, corporations, and civil society to address transboundary environmental impacts while ensuring equitable socio-economic outcomes.

Citation

Gao, Y., Zhang, T., Cleary, D., & Li, S. (2026). Global Governance in Curbing Deforestation in South-south Bulk Agricultural Commodities Provision. Global Governance and Sustainable Development: Perspectives from China & the Global South, 263-284.

TNC Authors

  • David Cleary
    The Nature Conservancy, London, UK